Mitigasi Bias Kognitif dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Finansial: Peran Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Literasi Keuangan (Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis)

Abstract

This research aims to systematically examine the role of critical thinking skills (CT) in mitigating cognitive biases—particularly loss aversion and overconfidence—in individual financial decision-making, while positioning financial literacy (FL) as a foundational but insufficient factor on its own. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) of peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024 in the fields of behavioral finance, cognitive psychology, and financial literacy, this study synthesizes thematic findings related to decision-making behavior. The results indicate that critical thinking enables individuals to assess risks and opportunities more objectively, thereby reducing emotionally driven decisions as explained by Prospect Theory. Furthermore, CT enhances vigilance against financial fraud and misleading information in the digital era. These findings suggest that financial education should move beyond improving financial literacy alone by integrating critical thinking training to promote rational, ethical, and long-term-oriented financial decision-making.