Koherensi Kebijakan Industri Indonesia dalam Merespons CBAM dan EUDR Uni Eropa

Abstract

Green globalization increasingly links market access to environmental performance, requiring Indonesia to respond to two distinct European Union regulatory regimes: the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). This article examines how existing literature explains the coherence of Indonesia’s industrial policy response across trade, industry, energy, climate, and environmental governance. The study adopts a structured qualitative literature review and thematic synthesis. Relevant literature was identified through keyword-based searches using Publish or Perish, followed by deduplication and screening for topical relevance and verifiable publication records. Targeted searches of journal publishers were used to verify bibliographic metadata and supplement coverage, particularly in EUDR research. The synthesis organizes findings around regulatory exposure, domestic policy instruments, cross-sector coordination, implementation capacity, and distributional consequences. The literature indicates that CBAM readiness depends on emissions measurement, credible carbon pricing, industrial decarbonization, and support for exposed firms, while EUDR readiness depends on traceability, geolocation, legality, land governance, and the inclusion of smallholders. These requirements overlap in their demand for reliable data and coordinated governance, but they are not interchangeable. Existing studies tend to examine the regimes separately or focus on a single sector, trade effect, or legal dispute. The article therefore identifies policy coherence as a useful comparative lens rather than claiming that no prior studies connect the two regimes. It concludes that Indonesia’s response would benefit from a shared interministerial coordination architecture, with separate technical pathways for CBAM and EUDR, measurable implementation indicators, and safeguards against shifting compliance costs onto smaller producers.