STUDI KRIMINALISASI DAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jipm.v3i6.1554Keywords:
Indonesian Migrant Workers, Criminalization, Violence, Legal Protection, Law Number 18 of 2017Abstract
The problem of placing and protecting Indonesian workers abroad is still a serious issue that requires great attention. Based on data from the Indonesian Migrant Workers Union (SBMI), more than 1,800 Indonesian migrant workers became victims of human trafficking throughout 2019–2024. In addition, 95 percent of cases of violence and trafficking in persons (TPPO) against migrant workers originate from illegal departures. In fact, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as many as 206 Indonesian citizens were threatened with the death penalty abroad throughout 2021, with 79 of them already injured, the majority of whom were related to drug cases and murder. Weak legal protection, lack of coordination between agencies, and lack of understanding of prospective workers on the correct procedures make them vulnerable to becoming victims. From a criminological point of view, this problem is caused not only by the violation of the law, but also by the social, economic, and political inequality between the country of origin and the country of destination. This condition opens up opportunities for various forms of transnational crime, such as human trafficking, forced labor, physical and sexual violence, and the death of migrant workers. This study uses a normative juridical method to examine the forms of criminalization and violence experienced by Indonesian migrant workers, as well as how national law regulation and enforcement are carried out based on Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. The results of the study show that the Law has become an important basis for the state in strengthening protection for migrant workers, starting from the stage before departure, during work, to after returning to the country. However, implementation on the ground is still weak, as evidenced by the case of the deaths of seven Indonesian citizens in Cambodia in 2025 due to suspected trafficking, which shows a lack of supervision and protection of migrant workers. Through a strong criminological and law enforcement approach, it is hoped that the protection of Indonesian migrant workers can be more effective, not only in the form of legal protection, but also social and humanitarian protection that guarantees their safety and dignity as citizens.
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