Analisis Jabatan dalam Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Tinjauan Literatur Terarah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v3i6.3257Keywords:
analisis jabatan, job description, job specification, literature review, manajemen sumber daya manusiaAbstract
Abstract. Job analysis is a systematic process for identifying and examining the tasks, responsibilities, authority, and requirements of a position. This study synthesizes findings from 15 journal articles on job analysis in human resource management (HRM). A directed narrative literature review was conducted by comparing the focus, similarities, differences, and findings of the articles. The data were analyzed descriptively to provide an overview of job analysis practices in HRM. The review indicates that job analysis supports the preparation of job descriptions and job specifications, competency mapping, workforce planning, recruitment, selection, placement, training, career development, performance appraisal, and productivity. Its effectiveness depends on the accuracy of information and its alignment with organizational change and competency requirements. Research gaps include the use of job information in HRM decision-making, the validity of data sources, and periodic updating of job descriptions and specifications. Job analysis is therefore an important foundation for effective, organization-aligned human resource management.
Keywords: competency mapping; job analysis; job description; job specification; human resource management.
Abstrak. Analisis jabatan merupakan proses sistematis untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji tugas, tanggung jawab, kewenangan, serta persyaratan yang dibutuhkan dalam suatu pekerjaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menyintesis temuan dari 15 artikel jurnal mengenai analisis jabatan dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia (MSDM). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review naratif-terarah dengan mengkaji persamaan, perbedaan, serta kecenderungan hasil penelitian berdasarkan fokus dan temuan setiap artikel. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disintesis untuk memperoleh gambaran menyeluruh mengenai penerapan analisis jabatan dalam pengelolaan SDM. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa analisis jabatan berperan sebagai dasar penyusunan job description dan job specification, pemetaan kompetensi, perencanaan tenaga kerja, rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan, pelatihan, pengembangan karier, serta penilaian kinerja dan produktivitas. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas analisis jabatan bergantung pada ketepatan informasi dan kesesuaiannya dengan perkembangan organisasi serta tuntutan kompetensi. Kesenjangan penelitian (research gap) ditemukan pada perlunya kajian lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan informasi jabatan dalam pengambilan keputusan MSDM, validitas sumber data, serta pembaruan deskripsi dan spesifikasi jabatan secara berkala. Dengan demikian, analisis jabatan menjadi salah satu landasan penting dalam mendukung pengelolaan SDM yang efektif dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi.
Kata kunci: analisis jabatan; job description; job specification; literature review; manajemen sumber daya manusia.
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