Membangun Teori Ekosistem Kewirausahaan yang Adaptif: Peran Kapabilitas Dinamis, Intermediasi, dan Pembelajaran Kolektif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v3i6.3258Keywords:
adaptive capacity; collective learning; dynamic capabilities; entrepreneurial ecosystem; intermediationAbstract
Penelitian ekosistem kewirausahaan berkembang pesat, tetapi masih cenderung memandang ekosistem sebagai kumpulan elemen yang statis dan belum menjelaskan bagaimana ekosistem beradaptasi terhadap gangguan. Artikel konseptual ini bertujuan membangun teori ekosistem kewirausahaan yang adaptif dengan mengintegrasikan tiga mekanisme yang selama ini dibahas terpisah, yaitu kapabilitas dinamis, intermediasi, dan pembelajaran kolektif. Dengan pendekatan sintesis teori dan model pada artikel konseptual, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan literatur bereputasi tentang ekosistem kewirausahaan, kapabilitas dinamis, organisasi intermediari, pembelajaran, dan resiliensi kewirausahaan, kemudian menurunkan proposisi melalui sintesis abduktif yang iteratif. Hasil sintesis berupa kerangka multitingkat yang menempatkan adaptivitas ekosistem sebagai hasil interaksi (1) kapabilitas mendeteksi, menangkap, dan mentransformasi yang terdistribusi pada wirausaha, perusahaan, dan aktor ekosistem; (2) intermediari yang menjembatani, mengorkestrasi, dan menerjemahkan sumber daya serta informasi; dan (3) pembelajaran kolektif yang mengubah pengalaman menjadi rutinitas dan pengetahuan bersama. Enam proposisi dirumuskan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ketiga mekanisme itu saling menguatkan, dengan intermediasi sebagai infrastruktur penghubung dan pembelajaran kolektif sebagai memori yang menjaga keberlanjutan adaptasi. Kontribusi artikel adalah teori berorientasi proses yang melampaui penghitungan elemen ekosistem, penjelasan kondisi batas keberhasilan adaptasi, serta agenda penelitian untuk pengujian empiris. Implikasi praktis dirumuskan bagi pembangun ekosistem dan pembuat kebijakan, khususnya dalam konteks usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah di Indonesia.
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