Prototype Sistem Kontrol Irigasi Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Internet of Things

Abstract

Irrigation management in hydroponic systems is still widely performed manually, making it less effective in maintaining growing media moisture, nutrient solution pH stability, and water availability in the reservoir. Based on these issues, this study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based hydroponic irrigation control system prototype using the ESP32 microcontroller. The proposed system integrates three sensors: a capacitive soil moisture sensor to measure the moisture level of the growing medium, a pH sensor to monitor the acidity of the nutrient solution, and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level in the reservoir. The data collected from these sensors are processed by the ESP32 through a program developed using the Arduino IDE. The processed data are then used to control a 12 V DC motor via a relay module, enabling the irrigation pump to be automatically activated or deactivated based on a predetermined soil moisture threshold. Furthermore, the monitoring data are transmitted in real time to the Blynk application, allowing users to remotely monitor the system's condition. The results of the design, implementation, and testing demonstrate that both the hardware and software components function according to the intended design. The system is capable of monitoring the moisture level of the growing medium, the pH value of the nutrient solution, and the reservoir water level in real time while automatically controlling the irrigation process. Therefore, the developed prototype is considered capable of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of hydroponic irrigation management while reducing dependence on manual irrigation practices.