Peningkatan Kemampuan Menyelesaikan Kalimat Matematika Penjumlahan Melalui Media Ular Tangga Nuraya Kelas III SD

Abstract

Abstract. Mathematics learning in elementary school targets not only counting skills but also understanding open mathematical sentences with an unknown value, particularly those involving addition of whole numbers up to 100. A preliminary test of 16 third-grade students at SDN Dukuh Kupang III/490, Surabaya, recorded an average score of 51.88, with 12.50% (2 of 16) reaching mastery. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) used the NURAYA (Numerasi Cerita Budaya Surabaya) Snake and Ladder media, pairing a board game with culturally rooted digital question cards, to improve this ability. The study ran two cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting, supported by Cooperative Learning and a Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach embedded in the question cards. Data were gathered through tests, observation, and documentation, analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The class average rose from 51.88 pre-cycle to 73.13 in Cycle I and 86.25 in Cycle II, while classical mastery rose from 12.50% to 68.75% and finally 87.50%, surpassing the 80% benchmark. All four indicators improved, though formulating a fitting sentence and determining the unknown value lagged by Cycle II's end. These findings suggest the NURAYA media, bolstered by Cooperative Learning and CRT, effectively strengthens students' ability to solve addition-related mathematical sentences meaningfully and contextually.

Keywords: addition mathematical sentence; classroom action research; cooperative learning; culturally responsive teaching; NURAYA media.

Abstrak. Pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar tidak hanya menyasar kemampuan berhitung, tetapi juga pemahaman kalimat matematika terbuka bernilai belum diketahui, terutama yang berkaitan dengan penjumlahan bilangan cacah hingga 100. Tes awal 16 murid kelas III SDN Dukuh Kupang III/490, Surabaya, mencatat rerata 51,88, dengan hanya 12,50% (2 dari 16) yang mencapai ketuntasan. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan mendongkrak kemampuan murid menyelesaikan kalimat matematika tersebut lewat media Ular Tangga NURAYA (Numerasi Cerita Budaya Surabaya), memadukan papan permainan ular tangga dengan kartu soal digital berakar pada budaya Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ditempuh dalam dua siklus perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi, ditopang Cooperative Learning dan pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) yang tersemat pada kartu soal. Data dihimpun lewat tes, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi, dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Rerata kelas beranjak dari 51,88 pra-tindakan menjadi 73,13 pada Siklus I dan 86,25 pada Siklus II, sedangkan ketuntasan klasikal beranjak dari 12,50% menjadi 68,75% dan akhirnya 87,50%, melampaui kriteria 80%. Keempat indikator naik, kendati indikator menyusun kalimat matematika yang sesuai dan menentukan nilai belum diketahui masih tertinggal pada penghujung Siklus II. Temuan ini menandakan media NURAYA yang ditopang Cooperative Learning dan CRT ampuh mendongkrak kemampuan murid sekolah dasar menyelesaikan kalimat matematika penjumlahan secara bermakna dan kontekstual.

Kata kunci: cooperative learning; culturally responsive teaching; kalimat matematika penjumlahan; media NURAYA; penelitian tindakan kelas.