Pengaruh Pelatihan, Kelelahan Kerja, dan Komunikasi terhadap Human Factor Personel PKP-PK: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jipm.v4i4.2799Keywords:
Human factor, PKP-PK, ARFF, Pelatihan, Kelelahan kerja, Komunikasi, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Keselamatan operasi darurat penerbangan sangat bergantung pada kualitas human factor personel Pertolongan Kecelakaan Penerbangan dan Pemadam Kebakaran (PKP-PK), namun kajian yang mengintegrasikan dimensi-dimensi utamanya secara simultan masih sangat terbatas. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesis bukti empiris serta kerangka teoretis mengenai pengaruh pelatihan, kelelahan kerja, dan komunikasi terhadap human factor personel PKP-PK. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan panduan PRISMA, mencakup empat basis data (Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Garuda) dengan rentang tahun 2010–2026. Dari 183 artikel teridentifikasi, 15 artikel lolos seluruh tahapan seleksi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik kualitatif. Sintesis menghasilkan empat temuan utama: (1) pelatihan terstruktur dan berbasis simulasi terbukti membentuk kompetensi teknis personel PKP-PK secara positif, namun studi yang langsung mengukur dampaknya terhadap dimensi spesifik human factor masih sangat langka; (2) kelelahan kerja akibat sistem shift 24 jam secara konsisten menurunkan kesiapan fisiologis-kognitif; (3) closed-loop communication dan pelatihan CRM merupakan fondasi koordinasi interpersonal yang vital; dan (4) ketiga variabel berinteraksi—kelelahan kerja berperan sebagai moderator negatif yang memperlemah pengaruh pelatihan dan komunikasi, konsisten dengan teori Swiss Cheese (Reason, 1990). Kajian ini merekomendasikan penerapan FRMS terintegrasi, adopsi alat ukur objektif kelelahan (HRV dan PVT), pengintegrasian pelatihan situation awareness dan closed-loop communication dalam kurikulum PKP-PK, serta audit komunikasi darurat berkala. Penelitian empiris menggunakan SEM pada multi-lokasi bandara di Indonesia sangat diperlukan
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